The artist known as the grandfather of optical art is French-Hungarian artist Victor Vasarely, whose painting titled Zebras (1938) is by many art historians considered one of the earliest examples of Op Art. Albers works are studies in colour perception, while Escher’s work employs paradoxical placements, visual trickery as well as errors of perspective in forms and structures that seem plausible at first glance. Escher, Victor Vasarely and Josef Albers experimented with what is now considered optical art. Carl Einsteins writing on modern art is to a large extent defined by. Cubism paved the way for non-representational art by putting new emphasis on the unity between a depicted scene and the surface of the canvas. Cubism was an attempt by artists to revitalise the tired traditions of Western art which they believed had run their course. Cubism has been considered to be among the most influential art movements of the 20th century. Cubism in its various forms inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. In Cubism, the two-dimensional aspect of the canvas was instead emphasised by breaking down objects into different planes. Cubism is an early-20th-century art movement which brought European painting and sculpture historically forward toward 20th century Modern art. The German school stressed the relationship of form and function within a framework of analysis and rationality, which led to mirroring the counterculture of the time in the embrace of graphic shapes and bright colours. Cubism is one of the most influential art movements of the 20th century, which broke with the tendency in art at the time to create the illusion of a three-dimensional space from a fixed viewpoint on a two-dimensional canvas. What Is Cubism Cubism is an art movement that emerged out of a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in France at the turn of the 20th century. The roots of Op Art, in terms of graphic and colour effects, can be traced back to Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism and Dada, but the movement perhaps more closely derives from the constructivist practices of the Bauhaus.
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